IELTS Guide Phil

What is IELTS Writing Task 1 General Training? (Start Here If You Know Nothing!)

IELTS Writing Task 1 General Training is a letter-writing task. Unlike Academic Task 1 (which involves describing graphs and charts), General Training candidates must write a letter in response to a given situation. You can watch this YouTube video explainer by IELTS Guide Phil.

Here’s what you need to know:

• Time: 20 minutes (recommended—not strictly enforced)
• Minimum word count: 150 words
• Letter type: Personal, semi-formal, or formal
• Worth: Approximately 33% of your total Writing score (Task 2 is worth 67%)
• Format: A complete letter with proper structure

Think of it as writing a real-life letter you might need in English-speaking countries: complaining about a product, requesting information, apologizing to a friend, thanking someone, or applying for something.

Key principle: You’re being tested on your ability to communicate appropriately in written English for everyday situations, not on your creativity or knowledge. The examiner wants to see that you can write clearly, politely, and appropriately for the context.

The Three Types of Letters

The tone and language you use depend on WHO you’re writing to:

1. Personal/Informal Letter

Who you’re writing to: Friends, family, people you know well

When to use: The task mentions “a friend,” “your neighbor,” “someone you know well”

Tone: Friendly, warm, conversational (but still in complete sentences)

Example situations:

• Inviting a friend to an event
• Thanking a friend who helped you
• Giving advice to a friend
• Apologizing to a neighbor
• Asking a friend for recommendations

Language features:

• Contractions are okay (I’m, don’t, can’t)
• Casual vocabulary acceptable
• Friendly expressions (“How are you?”, “I hope you’re well”)
• Can be more conversational

Opening: Dear [First Name], Closing:

• Best wishes,
• Warm regards,
• Take care,
• See you soon,

2. Semi-Formal Letter

Who you’re writing to: Someone you don’t know personally but the situation isn’t highly formal (a landlord, colleague, neighbor you don’t know well)

When to use: The task mentions “your landlord,” “your neighbor,” “someone at work”

Tone: Polite and respectful, but not overly formal

Example situations:

• Writing to your landlord about a repair issue
• Asking a colleague for assistance
• Complaining to a local facility
• Requesting information from a community center

Language features:

• Mix of formal and friendly
• Polite requests
• Some contractions okay but use sparingly
• Professional but approachable

Opening: Dear Mr./Ms. [Last Name], OR Dear [Title (e.g., Landlord)], Closing:

• Kind regards,
• Best regards,
• Yours sincerely, (if you used their name)

3. Formal Letter

Who you’re writing to: Companies, organizations, officials, people in authority, strangers in professional contexts

When to use: The task mentions “the manager,” “the company,” “the council,” “the director,” or any official organization

Tone: Professional, polite, respectful, businesslike

Example situations:

• Complaining to a company about a product/service
• Applying for a job
• Requesting information from a company
• Writing to a government office
• Complaining to a hotel manager

Language features:

• NO contractions (write “I am” not “I’m”)
• Formal vocabulary
• Professional tone throughout
• Polite but direct

Opening:

• Dear Sir or Madam, (if you don’t know the name)
• Dear Mr./Ms. [Last Name], (if name is given)
• Dear Hiring Manager, / Dear Customer Service Manager,

Closing:

• Yours faithfully, (if you started with “Dear Sir or Madam”)
• Yours sincerely, (if you used a name)

The Structure of Your Letter (Your Blueprint)

Every Task 1 letter follows this structure:

Opening (Salutation)

Dear [Name/Title],

Paragraph 1: Introduction/Purpose (2-3 sentences)

What to include:

• Brief greeting (optional for formal letters)
• State who you are (if relevant)
• State the purpose of your letter clearly

Examples:

Informal: “I hope this letter finds you well. I’m writing to invite you to my birthday party next month.”

Semi-formal: “I am writing to inform you about a maintenance issue in the apartment I am renting from you.”

Formal: “I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with a product I recently purchased from your store.”

Paragraph 2: First Main Point (3-4 sentences)

Address the first bullet point from the task.

• Provide details
• Explain the situation
• Give relevant information

Paragraph 3: Second Main Point (3-4 sentences)

Address the second bullet point from the task.

• Continue with details
• Explain further
• Support with examples if needed

Paragraph 4: Third Main Point/Conclusion (2-3 sentences)

Address the third bullet point and/or conclude.

• Complete any remaining task requirements
• Polite closing statement
• Express hope for action/response

Closing

[Appropriate closing phrase],
[Your Name]

Note: You don’t need to write your full real name. You can use a made-up name or just your first name for informal letters.

Complete Letter Examples

Example 1: Informal Letter

Question: You recently stayed with a friend and accidentally left your phone charger at their house. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter:

• Thank them for your stay
• Describe where you left your charger
• Ask them to send it to you

Model Answer:

Dear Sarah,

I hope you’re doing well! I wanted to write and thank you again for letting me stay at your place last weekend. I had such a wonderful time, and it was great catching up after so long.

Unfortunately, I’ve realized that I left my phone charger at your house. I think I left it plugged into the socket in the guest bedroom, probably near the bedside table. It’s a black charger with a white USB cable—I hope you’ve come across it!

Would you mind sending it to me when you get a chance? I can transfer money for the postage costs, of course. My address is 42 Oak Street, Manchester, M14 5PT. There’s no rush—whenever it’s convenient for you is absolutely fine.

Thanks so much for your help, and let’s plan to meet up again soon!

Warm regards, Michael

(Word count: 156 words)

Why this is a good informal letter:
✓ Friendly, conversational tone
✓ Uses contractions naturally (I’ve, it’s, let’s)
✓ Personal and warm
✓ Addresses all three bullet points
✓ Appropriate opening and closing
✓ Over 150 words

Example 2: Semi-Formal Letter

Question: You rent an apartment and recently a problem has occurred. Write a letter to your landlord. In your letter:

• Describe the problem
• Explain how it is affecting you
• Ask the landlord to fix it as soon as possible

Model Answer:

Dear Mr. Peterson,

I am writing to bring to your attention a maintenance issue that has arisen in the apartment I am renting from you at 15 Green Lane.

Over the past week, I have noticed that the heating system has stopped working completely. Despite adjusting the thermostat multiple times, the radiators remain cold. This is particularly concerning given that winter is approaching and temperatures are dropping significantly, especially at night.

This situation is causing considerable discomfort for my family and me. We have been forced to use portable electric heaters, which are not only inefficient but also substantially increasing our electricity costs. Moreover, I am concerned about the potential health risks, particularly for my young children, as the apartment has become uncomfortably cold.

I would greatly appreciate it if you could arrange for a qualified heating engineer to inspect and repair the system as soon as possible. Please let me know when someone can visit the property. I am generally available in the evenings or on weekends.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.

Kind regards, Jennifer Thompson

(Word count: 181 words)

Why this is a good semi-formal letter:
✓ Polite but direct tone
✓ Clear explanation of the problem
✓ Explains impact and requests action
✓ Professional but not overly formal
✓ Addresses all bullet points
✓ Appropriate opening and closing

Example 3: Formal Letter

Question: You recently bought a product online but when it arrived, it was damaged. Write a letter to the company. In your letter:

• Explain what you ordered and when
• Describe the problem with the product
• Say what you want the company to do about it

Model Answer:

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with a recent purchase I made through your online store.

On 15th September 2024, I ordered a laptop computer (Model X500, Order Number: 789456) from your website. The product was advertised as brand new and was scheduled to arrive within five working days. While the delivery was prompt, I was extremely disappointed to discover that the laptop arrived in a damaged condition.

Upon opening the package, I immediately noticed that the screen had a large crack across the bottom right corner, rendering it partially unusable. Additionally, the laptop casing showed several scratches and dents, suggesting that the item was either defective before shipping or inadequately packaged. I took photographs of the damage as evidence and have retained all original packaging materials.

Given these circumstances, I am requesting a full refund or a replacement laptop in perfect condition. I would prefer the replacement option if a new device can be dispatched within the next week. Please advise me on the return procedure and confirm how you intend to resolve this matter.

I look forward to your prompt response and a satisfactory resolution.

Yours faithfully, Robert Chen

(Word count: 196 words)

Why this is a good formal letter:
✓ Professional, businesslike tone
✓ NO contractions (I am, not I’m)
✓ Formal vocabulary
✓ Clear chronological explanation
✓ States clear expectation for resolution
✓ Addresses all bullet points
✓ Uses “Yours faithfully” (because it started with “Dear Sir or Madam”)

The Scoring Criteria (What Examiners Look For)

Your Task 1 letter is marked on four criteria, each worth 25%:

1. Task Achievement (25%)

What it means: Did you complete the task appropriately?

Band 7 requirements:

• Addresses all parts of the task
• Presents a clear purpose
• Tone is consistent and appropriate
• Clearly presents and highlights key features/bullet points

How to achieve this:
✓ Address ALL three bullet points from the task
✓ Write at least 150 words
✓ Use the appropriate tone (formal/semi-formal/informal)
✓ State the purpose clearly in the opening
✓ Stay relevant to the situation

Common mistakes:
✗ Missing one of the bullet points
✗ Wrong tone (too informal for a formal letter)
✗ Not stating purpose clearly
✗ Going off-topic

2. Coherence and Cohesion (25%)

What it means: Is your letter logically organized and easy to follow?

Band 7 requirements:

• Logically organizes information
• Clear progression throughout
• Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately
• Clear paragraphing

Cohesive devices for letters:

• Sequencing: Firstly, Secondly, Finally, To begin with
• Addition: Additionally, Furthermore, Moreover, Also
• Contrast: However, Although, Despite this
• Result: Therefore, As a result, Consequently
• Reason: Because, Since, Due to
• Example: For instance, For example, Such as

How to achieve this:
✓ Use clear paragraphing (4-5 paragraphs)
✓ Each paragraph has one main idea
✓ Use linking words appropriately
✓ Ideas flow logically
✓ Proper letter format

Common mistakes:
✗ No paragraphing (one block of text)
✗ Overusing linking words
✗ Ideas don’t connect logically
✗ Poor letter structure

3. Lexical Resource (25%)

What it means: Do you use appropriate vocabulary accurately?

Band 7 requirements:

• Uses sufficient range of vocabulary
• Shows awareness of style and collocation
• Uses less common lexical items
• Occasional errors in word choice

Vocabulary for letters:

Opening phrases:

• “I am writing to…” (formal/semi-formal)
• “I wanted to write to…” (informal)
• “I hope this letter finds you well” (semi-formal/informal)

Explaining purpose:

• “to inform you about…”
• “to complain about…”
• “to request information regarding…”
• “to apply for…”
• “to thank you for…”
• “to apologize for…”

Making requests:

• “I would appreciate it if you could…”
• “Could you please…”
• “I would be grateful if you would…”
• “Would it be possible to…”

Expressing dissatisfaction:

• “I was disappointed to discover…”
• “I am writing to express my concern about…”
• “Unfortunately…”
• “I am dissatisfied with…”

Closing phrases:

• “Thank you for your attention to this matter”
• “I look forward to hearing from you”
• “I hope to hear from you soon”
• “Please let me know…”

Common mistakes:
✗ Repeating the same words
✗ Using overly simple vocabulary throughout
✗ Inappropriate vocabulary for the tone
✗ Spelling errors

4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy (25%)

What it means: Do you use a variety of grammar structures correctly?

Band 7 requirements:

• Uses a variety of complex structures
• Produces frequent error-free sentences
• Good control of grammar and punctuation
• Few errors

Grammar for letters:

Tenses:

• Past simple: “I ordered the product last week”
• Present perfect: “I have noticed a problem”
• Present simple: “I am writing to inform you”
• Future: “I will be available next Monday”
• Conditional: “I would appreciate if you could help”

Useful structures:

• Passive voice: “The product was delivered yesterday”
• Conditional sentences: “If you could send it by Friday, that would be ideal”
• Relative clauses: “The laptop which I ordered…”
• Modal verbs: “Could you please…”, “I would be grateful…”

Common mistakes:
✗ Tense errors
✗ Subject-verb agreement errors
✗ Article errors (the/a/an)
✗ Wrong word order
✗ Missing punctuation

Essential Dos and Don’ts

DO:

✓ Write at least 150 words (aim for 170-180 to be safe)
✓ Address ALL three bullet points from the task
✓ Use the appropriate tone (formal, semi-formal, or informal)
✓ Start with a proper greeting (Dear…)
✓ State your purpose clearly in the first paragraph
✓ Use clear paragraphing (4-5 paragraphs)
✓ End with an appropriate closing (Yours faithfully/sincerely, Best wishes, etc.)
✓ Sign off with a name (can be fictional)
✓ Use formal language for formal letters (no contractions)
✓ Make polite requests (not demands)
✓ Check grammar and spelling (save 2-3 minutes for this)
✓ Use linking words to connect ideas
✓ Be polite and respectful even when complaining

DON’T:

✗ Don’t write less than 150 words (significant penalty)
✗ Don’t skip any bullet points from the task
✗ Don’t use wrong tone (informal language in formal letters)
✗ Don’t forget the opening and closing (Dear…/Yours…)
✗ Don’t use contractions in formal letters (I’m → I am)
✗ Don’t be rude or aggressive (even when complaining)
✗ Don’t write in one long paragraph (use proper structure)
✗ Don’t use bullet points (write in paragraph form)
✗ Don’t forget to sign off with a name
✗ Don’t use “Hi” or “Hello” (always use “Dear”)
✗ Don’t make up excessive false details (keep it simple and plausible)
✗ Don’t spend more than 20 minutes (Task 2 is worth more)
✗ Don’t use text speak or abbreviations (BTW, LOL, etc.)
✗ Don’t use your real full address (if needed, make one up briefly)

Common Mistakes and How to Fix Them

Mistake 1: Wrong Tone for the Situation

The problem: Using informal language in a formal letter or being too formal with a friend.

Example (wrong tone): Task: Write to a company about a damaged product Letter: “Hey, I got this laptop from you guys and it’s totally broken. Can you sort it out? Cheers!”

Why it’s wrong: Far too casual for a formal business letter.

The fix: Match your tone to the recipient.

Correct tone: “Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my concern regarding a laptop I recently purchased from your company. Upon arrival, I discovered that the device was damaged. I would appreciate your assistance in resolving this matter. Yours faithfully, [Name]”

Quick guide:

• Friend/family: Casual, warm, contractions okay
• Landlord/neighbor: Polite but approachable, some contractions
• Company/official: Formal, no contractions, professional

Mistake 2: Missing Bullet Points

The problem: Forgetting to address one or more of the required points.

Task says:

• Describe the problem
• Explain how it affects you
• Say what action you want

Your letter only:

• Describes the problem
• Says what action you want
• Forgets to explain how it affects you

Why it’s a problem: You lose marks in Task Achievement for incomplete response.

The fix:

• Read the task carefully and underline the three bullet points
• Check each one off as you write
• Before finishing, review: “Have I addressed ALL three points?”

Mistake 3: Writing Under 150 Words

The problem: Stopping at 130-145 words thinking it’s close enough.

Why it’s a problem: Under-length responses are heavily penalized.

The fix:

• Count words during practice
• Aim for 170-180 words as a buffer
• If short, expand your explanations with more details
• Add examples or context

How to add words without waffle:

• Provide more specific details about the situation
• Expand on how the problem affects you
• Add polite phrases expressing hope for resolution
• Include relevant background information

Mistake 4: No Clear Purpose Statement

The problem: Not stating why you’re writing in the opening paragraph.

Unclear opening: “I am writing this letter. There is something I want to talk about. It is important.”

Why it’s unclear: The examiner shouldn’t have to guess your purpose.

The fix: State your purpose clearly in the first paragraph.

Clear opening: “I am writing to request information about the language courses offered at your center.” “I am writing to complain about the poor service I received at your restaurant last week.” “I wanted to invite you to my graduation ceremony next month.”

Mistake 5: Inappropriate Closing

The problem: Using the wrong closing phrase for your opening.

Wrong combinations:
✗ “Dear Sir or Madam, … Yours sincerely” (should be Yours faithfully)
✗ “Dear Mr. Smith, … Yours faithfully” (should be Yours sincerely)
✗ “Dear John, … Yours faithfully” (too formal for informal letter)

The fix: Learn the correct pairings.

Correct combinations:
✓ Dear Sir or Madam → Yours faithfully
✓ Dear Mr./Ms. [Name] → Yours sincerely
✓ Dear [First Name] → Best wishes / Warm regards / Take care

Memory trick:

• FAITHfully for when you don’t know the name (have FAITH you’ll reach them)
• SINCErely for when you know the name (SINCE you know them)

Mistake 6: Being Too Aggressive in Complaints

The problem: Using rude or demanding language.

Too aggressive: “Your product is complete rubbish and your company is terrible. I demand a refund immediately or I will sue you!”

Why it’s wrong: Even when complaining, maintain professional, polite language.

The fix: Be firm but polite.

Professional complaint: “I was disappointed to discover that the product did not meet the quality standards advertised. I would appreciate a full refund or replacement at your earliest convenience. I trust you will handle this matter promptly and professionally.”

Useful phrases for complaints:

• “I was disappointed to find…”
• “Unfortunately, …”
• “I am dissatisfied with…”
• “This has caused considerable inconvenience…”
• “I would appreciate your prompt attention to this matter…”
• “I trust you will resolve this issue satisfactorily…”

Mistake 7: Using Contractions in Formal Letters

The problem: Writing “I’m”, “don’t”, “can’t” in formal business letters.

Why it’s wrong: Formal letters require full forms.

The fix:

• Formal letters: Always write full forms (I am, do not, cannot, will not)
• Semi-formal letters: Minimal contractions (occasional is okay)
• Informal letters: Contractions are natural and acceptable

Examples:
✗ Formal: “I’m writing to complain. I don’t think it’s acceptable.”
✓ Formal: “I am writing to complain. I do not think it is acceptable.”

✓ Informal: “I’m really excited! I can’t wait to see you!”

Mistake 8: Poor Paragraphing

The problem: Writing one long block of text or making too many tiny paragraphs.

Why it’s wrong: Affects Coherence and Cohesion score. Makes letter hard to follow.

The fix: Use proper letter structure.

Correct structure:

Dear [Name],

[Paragraph 1: Opening and purpose - 2-3 sentences]

[Paragraph 2: First bullet point - 3-4 sentences]

[Paragraph 3: Second bullet point - 3-4 sentences]

[Paragraph 4: Third bullet point and/or conclusion - 2-3 sentences]

[Closing],
[Name]

Leave a line between paragraphs or indent the first line of each.

Mistake 9: No Greeting or Closing

The problem: Starting directly with your message without “Dear…” or ending without “Yours…”

Why it’s wrong: Letters have a specific format. Missing these elements shows you don’t know the format.

Wrong: “I am writing to complain about a product. The product was damaged…” [continues] “…I hope you can help. John Smith.”

Correct: “Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to complain about a product…” [continues] “…I hope you can resolve this matter promptly.

Yours faithfully, John Smith”

Mistake 10: Forgetting to Sign a Name

The problem: Ending with “Yours sincerely,” but no name underneath.

Why it’s wrong: All letters need a signature/name at the end.

The fix: Always write a name after your closing phrase.

Correct:

Yours faithfully,
Sarah Johnson

Note: You can use a made-up name. You don’t need to write your real full name.

Mistake 11: Overusing “I”

The problem: Starting every sentence with “I”.

Repetitive: “I am writing to complain. I bought a product. I was disappointed. I want a refund. I hope you can help. I look forward to your response.”

Why it’s monotonous: Sounds repetitive and shows limited sentence variety.

The fix: Vary your sentence structures.

Better: “I am writing to complain about a recent purchase. The product I received was damaged and did not meet the advertised specifications. This has caused considerable inconvenience, and therefore I am requesting a full refund. Your prompt attention to this matter would be greatly appreciated.”

Techniques:

• Use passive voice occasionally (“The product was delivered…”)
• Start with time phrases (“Last week, I…”)
• Start with linking words (“Additionally, …”, “Unfortunately, …”)
• Use “This/That/These” to refer back

Mistake 12: Including Irrelevant Information

The problem: Adding details that don’t relate to the task.

Task: Write to a company complaining about a delayed delivery.

Irrelevant additions: “I am writing to complain about a delayed delivery. By the way, I really like your website design. Also, your logo is nice. I have been a customer for many years. My friend also shops with you…”

Why it’s wrong: Wastes words on irrelevant information instead of addressing the task.

The fix: Stay focused on the three bullet points. Every sentence should relate to the purpose of the letter.

Relevant letter: “I am writing to complain about a delayed delivery… [describes the problem, explains impact, requests action].”

Letter Types and Useful Language

Complaint Letters

Purpose phrases:

• “I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with…”
• “I am writing to complain about…”
• “I wish to bring to your attention…”

Describing problems:

• “Unfortunately, …”
• “I was disappointed to discover…”
• “The product/service did not meet expectations…”
• “Upon arrival, I noticed…”

Explaining impact:

• “This has caused considerable inconvenience…”
• “As a result, …”
• “This situation has…”

Requesting action:

• “I would appreciate a full refund…”
• “I expect a replacement…”
• “I trust you will resolve this matter promptly…”
• “I look forward to your immediate attention to this issue…”

Request Letters

Purpose phrases:

• “I am writing to request information about…”
• “I would like to inquire about…”
• “Could you please provide details regarding…”

Making polite requests:

• “I would be grateful if you could…”
• “I would appreciate it if…”
• “Could you please…”
• “Would it be possible to…”
• “I wonder if you could…”

Explaining reasons:

• “I am interested in… because…”
• “The reason for my request is…”
• “I need this information in order to…”

Closing:

• “Thank you for your assistance…”
• “I look forward to your response…”
• “I appreciate your time and consideration…”

Application Letters

Purpose phrases:

• “I am writing to apply for…”
• “I wish to apply for the position of…”
• “I would like to be considered for…”

Describing qualifications:

• “I have… years of experience in…”
• “I hold a degree in…”
• “My qualifications include…”
• “I possess the necessary skills…”

Expressing enthusiasm:

• “I am particularly interested in…”
• “I believe I would be well-suited for…”
• “I am confident that…”

Closing:

• “I have attached my CV for your consideration…”
• “I look forward to the opportunity to discuss…”
• “Thank you for considering my application…”

Thank You Letters

Purpose phrases:

• “I am writing to thank you for…”
• “I wanted to express my gratitude for…”
• “Thank you so much for…”

Expressing appreciation:

• “I really appreciate…”
• “It was very kind of you to…”
• “I am grateful for…”
• “Your help/hospitality was…”

Describing impact:

• “Thanks to your help,…”
• “Your assistance made it possible to…”
• “I truly enjoyed…”

Closing:

• “Once again, thank you for…”
• “I hope we can stay in touch…”
• “I look forward to seeing you again soon…”

Apology Letters

Purpose phrases:

• “I am writing to apologize for…”
• “I sincerely apologize for…”
• “I am sorry for…”

Explaining what happened:

• “Unfortunately, …”
• “Due to unforeseen circumstances…”
• “I realize that…”

Taking responsibility:

• “I take full responsibility for…”
• “This was my fault…”
• “I should have…”

Making amends:

• “I will make sure this doesn’t happen again…”
• “To make up for this, I would like to…”
• “I hope you can forgive me…”

Closing:

• “Once again, I sincerely apologize…”
• “I hope this won’t affect our relationship…”
• “Thank you for your understanding…”

Invitation Letters

Purpose phrases:

• “I am writing to invite you to…”
• “I would like to invite you to…”
• “You are cordially invited to…”

Providing details:

• “The event will take place on…”
• “It will be held at…”
• “The occasion is…”
• “We will be…”

Expressing hope:

• “I hope you can attend…”
• “It would be wonderful if you could join us…”
• “I really hope you’ll be able to come…”

Closing:

• “Please let me know if you can make it…”
• “I look forward to seeing you there…”
• “Hope to hear from you soon…”

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How long should my letter be? A: Minimum 150 words. Aim for 170-180 words to be safe. Anything above 150 is acceptable, but don’t write too much and waste time needed for Task 2.

Q: Can I use a made-up name? A: Yes! You can use any name. For informal letters, just a first name is fine. For formal/semi-formal, use a full name.

Q: Do I need to write a real address? A: No. If the task requires you to include an address (rare), you can make up a simple, realistic one. Usually addresses are not required.

Q: What if I don’t know if it’s formal or informal? A: Read the task carefully:

• Friend, family member, someone you know well = Informal
• Landlord, neighbor, colleague = Semi-formal
• Company, manager, organization, sir/madam = Formal

When in doubt, semi-formal is safest.

Q: Can I use contractions? A:

• Formal letters: NO (use full forms: I am, do not, cannot)
• Semi-formal: Sparingly (occasional contractions are okay)
• Informal: YES (natural to use contractions: I’m, don’t, can’t)

Q: Should I indent paragraphs or leave a line between them? A: Either is acceptable. The important thing is that paragraphs are clearly separated. Most people leave a line between paragraphs.

Q: What if I can’t think of what to write for a bullet point? A: Make up realistic details. The examiner knows these are hypothetical situations. Just keep it plausible and relevant.

Example: If asked to describe where you left something, you can say “I believe I left it on the coffee table in the living room” even if this is completely made up.

Q: Can I write “Hello” or “Hi” instead of “Dear”? A: No. Always use “Dear” in IELTS letters, regardless of formality level. “Dear Sarah” is acceptable even for informal letters.

Q: What if the task doesn’t specify who to write to? A: Look for clues in the situation. If it mentions “the manager,” “the company,” “the organization,” use “Dear Sir or Madam.” If it mentions “a friend,” use a name like “Dear Alex.”

Q: Do I need to write the date? A: No, it’s not necessary. You can include it if you want, but it’s not required and doesn’t affect your score.

Q: How formal should semi-formal letters be? A: Semi-formal is a balance—polite and respectful but not overly stiff. Use “I would appreciate” rather than “I want,” but you can use some contractions. Think of it as writing to someone you respect but aren’t very close to.

Q: Can I ask questions in my letter? A: Yes, especially when requesting information or clarification. Examples:

• “Could you please provide more details about…?”
• “Would it be possible to…?”
• “May I ask when…?”

Q: What if I make a spelling mistake? A: A few minor spelling errors won’t drastically hurt your score if the rest is strong. However, frequent errors will reduce your Lexical Resource score. Always proofread!

Q: Should I use passive voice? A: Yes, when appropriate, especially in formal letters. Examples:

• “The product was delivered on Monday.”
• “I was informed that…”
• “The issue has been resolved.”

Passive voice adds variety and is common in formal writing.

Q: Can I change details from the task? A: Stick to the situation described in the task. You can add details, but don’t contradict the scenario. If the task says “you bought a laptop,” don’t write about buying a phone.

Q: How can I expand my letter if it’s too short? A:

• Add more specific details about the situation
• Explain consequences or impacts more fully
• Add relevant background information
• Include polite phrases and full explanations
• Expand on your requests or suggestions

Q: What’s the difference between “Yours faithfully” and “Yours sincerely”? A:

• Yours faithfully: Use when you started with “Dear Sir or Madam” (you don’t know the name)
• Yours sincerely: Use when you started with a name (Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Ms. Jones)

Q: Can I use exclamation marks? A: Sparingly, and mainly in informal letters to show enthusiasm or excitement (“I’m so excited!” or “That’s wonderful!”). Avoid them in formal letters—use periods instead.

Q: Should I write in British or American English? A: Either is acceptable, but be consistent. Don’t mix British and American spellings:

• British: colour, organise, centre, travelled
• American: color, organize, center, traveled

Q: What if I run out of time? A: Prioritize finishing Task 2 (it’s worth more). If you must rush Task 1:

• Make sure you address all three bullet points (even briefly)
• Write at least 150 words
• Include proper opening and closing
• Don’t worry about perfection—completion is key

Q: Can I use bullet points in my letter? A: No. Write in full paragraphs. Bullet points are not appropriate for letter format and will hurt your score.

Your IELTS Writing Task 1 General Training Preparation Plan

Week 1-2: Foundation

Days 1-3: Understand the Test

• Learn the three letter types (formal, semi-formal, informal)
• Study the letter structure (opening, paragraphs, closing)
• Read 5-10 model answers for each letter type
• Understand the scoring criteria

Days 4-7: Build Vocabulary Banks Create lists of useful phrases for:

• Opening letters (purpose statements)
• Making requests
• Complaining politely
• Apologizing
• Thanking
• Inviting
• Closing letters

Days 8-10: Practice Letter Identification

• Look at 20 different task prompts
• Identify whether each requires formal, semi-formal, or informal tone
• Determine appropriate opening and closing for each

Days 11-14: Write Your First Letters

• Write 3 letters (one formal, one semi-formal, one informal)
• Don’t time yourself yet—focus on structure
• Get feedback if possible
• Compare your letters to model answers

Week 3-4: Skill Development

Daily Practice (30 minutes):

Days 1-7:

• Write one complete letter per day (alternate types)
• Focus on addressing all three bullet points
• Practice appropriate tone for each type
• Review and correct your own work

Letter types to practice:

• Complaint letter (formal)
• Request for information (formal)
• Thank you letter (informal)
• Invitation letter (informal)
• Apology letter (semi-formal)
• Application letter (formal)
• Letter to landlord (semi-formal)

Days 8-14:

• Begin timing yourself (aim for 20 minutes per letter)
• Focus on meeting word count (150+ words)
• Practice proper opening and closing phrases
• Work on paragraph organization

Week 5-6: Timed Practice and Refinement

Days 1-7:

• Write 7 timed letters (20 minutes each)
• Address all three bullet points within time limit
• Practice different scenarios
• Get feedback on at least 3 letters

Days 8-14:

• Continue timed practice (7 more letters)
• Focus on your weakest areas:
  • Wrong tone? Practice identifying formality levels
  • Too short? Practice expanding explanations
  • Grammar errors? Review and correct common mistakes
• Review all corrected letters and learn from mistakes

Week 7-8: Exam Simulation

Days 1-5:

• Do 5 complete Writing tests (Task 1 + Task 2, 60 minutes total)
• Strict exam conditions
• Task 1: 20 minutes, Task 2: 40 minutes
• No dictionary, no pausing

Days 6-10:

• Review all practice letters
• Create personal checklist of common errors
• Memorize useful phrases for each letter type
• Practice 5 more Task 1 letters (timed)

Days 11-13:

• Light review only
• Read model answers
• Review your phrase lists
• Do 1-2 final practice letters

Day 14: Rest

• No intensive practice
• Light vocabulary review only
• Prepare materials for test day
• Get good sleep

Test Day Strategy

Task 1 (20 minutes):

Minutes 1-2: Analyze the task

• Read carefully
• Identify letter type (formal/semi-formal/informal)
• Underline the three bullet points
• Decide on tone and approach

Minutes 3-4: Quick plan

• Note key points for each paragraph
• Decide on appropriate opening and closing
• Think of specific details to include

Minutes 5-17: Write

• Paragraph 1: Opening and purpose (2-3 sentences)
• Paragraph 2: First bullet point (3-4 sentences)
• Paragraph 3: Second bullet point (3-4 sentences)
• Paragraph 4: Third bullet point and conclusion (2-3 sentences)
• Closing phrase and signature

Minutes 18-20: Check

• Word count (at least 150)
• All three bullet points addressed
• Appropriate tone maintained
• Grammar and spelling
• Proper opening and closing

Useful Phrases Cheat Sheet

Opening Phrases

Formal:

• I am writing to complain about…
• I am writing to request information regarding…
• I wish to apply for…
• I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with…
• I am writing in response to your advertisement…

Semi-formal:

• I am writing to inform you about…
• I wanted to let you know about…
• I am writing concerning…

Informal:

• I hope you’re doing well!
• I hope this letter finds you well.
• It’s been ages since we last spoke!
• I wanted to write to you about…
• Just a quick note to…

Making Requests

Formal:

• I would be grateful if you could…
• I would appreciate it if you would…
• Could you please…
• Would it be possible to…
• I wonder if you could…

Semi-formal:

• Could you please…
• I would really appreciate it if…
• Would you be able to…

Informal:

• Could you do me a favor and…
• Would you mind…
• Can you please…
• I was wondering if you could…

Complaining

Formal:

• I am writing to express my concern about…
• I was disappointed to discover…
• Unfortunately, the product/service did not meet expectations…
• I am dissatisfied with…
• This has caused considerable inconvenience…
• I was surprised to find that…

Semi-formal:

• I wanted to bring to your attention…
• I’m afraid there’s been a problem with…
• Unfortunately, there’s an issue with…

Apologizing

Formal:

• I sincerely apologize for…
• Please accept my apologies for…
• I regret to inform you that…

Semi-formal:

• I’m writing to apologize for…
• I’m really sorry about…
• I apologize for any inconvenience…

Informal:

• I’m so sorry about…
• I feel terrible about…
• Please forgive me for…

Thanking

Formal:

• I am writing to express my gratitude for…
• Thank you for your assistance with…
• I would like to thank you for…

Semi-formal/Informal:

• Thank you so much for…
• I wanted to thank you for…
• I really appreciate your help with…
• Thanks a million for…

Closing Phrases

Formal:

• I look forward to hearing from you.
• I await your prompt response.
• Thank you for your attention to this matter.
• I trust you will handle this matter appropriately.
• I appreciate your time and consideration.

Semi-formal:

• I hope to hear from you soon.
• Please let me know as soon as possible.
• Thank you for your help.
• I appreciate your assistance.

Informal:

• Hope to hear from you soon!
• Let me know what you think.
• Can’t wait to see you!
• Talk to you soon.
• Take care!

Common Task Types and How to Approach Them

Complaint Letter (Formal)

Typical situation: Product/service problem

Structure:

• Para 1: State what you’re complaining about
• Para 2: Describe the problem in detail
• Para 3: Explain how it affected you
• Para 4: Say what you want done (refund, replacement, action)

Tone: Firm but polite, professional

Request Letter (Formal)

Typical situation: Asking for information, booking, permission

Structure:

• Para 1: State what you’re requesting
• Para 2: Provide background/reasons for request
• Para 3: Specify details needed
• Para 4: Thank them and express hope for response

Tone: Polite, respectful, clear

Thank You Letter (Informal/Semi-formal)

Typical situation: Thanking someone for help, gift, hospitality

Structure:

• Para 1: Express thanks
• Para 2: Explain what they did and why it mattered
• Para 3: Describe positive outcome or your feelings
• Para 4: Express gratitude again and mention future contact

Tone: Warm, genuine, appreciative

Apology Letter (Informal/Semi-formal)

Typical situation: Apologizing for cancellation, damage, inconvenience

Structure:

• Para 1: State apology clearly
• Para 2: Explain what happened (briefly)
• Para 3: Explain consequences and take responsibility
• Para 4: Offer solution or promise it won’t happen again

Tone: Sincere, responsible, regretful

Invitation Letter (Informal)

Typical situation: Inviting to event, party, ceremony

Structure:

• Para 1: Invite them to the event
• Para 2: Provide details (date, time, location)
• Para 3: Explain why you want them there/what will happen
• Para 4: Ask them to confirm and express hope they can come

Tone: Enthusiastic, friendly, welcoming

Application Letter (Formal)

Typical situation: Applying for job, course, position

Structure:

• Para 1: State what you’re applying for
• Para 2: Describe relevant qualifications/experience
• Para 3: Explain why you’re suitable
• Para 4: Express interest in interview and thank them

Tone: Professional, confident, enthusiastic

Final Thoughts

IELTS Writing Task 1 General Training tests your ability to write effective letters for everyday situations you might encounter in English-speaking countries. Unlike Academic Task 1, which requires describing data, General Training Task 1 requires appropriate communication for real-life scenarios.

Key Principles to Remember:

1. Tone is everything. The difference between Band 5 and Band 7 often comes down to using the appropriate tone. A perfectly written letter with wrong tone (informal language to a company) will lose significant marks.

2. Structure matters. Letters have a specific format. Missing the greeting or closing, or poor paragraphing, immediately signals that you don’t understand letter writing conventions.

3. Address ALL three bullet points. Missing even one bullet point severely impacts your Task Achievement score. Before finishing, always check: “Have I addressed all three points?”

4. Quality over quantity. 150 words of well-written, relevant content beats 200 words of waffle. Be concise but thorough.

5. Practice makes perfect. Unlike Reading or Listening, Writing improves dramatically with practice and feedback. Write regularly, get corrections, learn from mistakes.

6. Time management is crucial. Task 1 is worth only 33% of Writing. Don’t spend 30 minutes perfecting it while sacrificing Task 2. Stick to 20 minutes.

Mindset Shifts:

From: “I need to impress with complex vocabulary.”
To: “I need to communicate appropriately and clearly.”

From: “Longer is better.”
To: “Concise, relevant, and well-organized is better.”

From: “I should write what I’d really say.”
To: “I should write what’s appropriate for this context.”

From: “The examiner will know what I mean.”
To: “I must express everything clearly and explicitly.”

Final Encouragement:

Task 1 General Training is highly formulaic. Once you learn the structures, appropriate phrases, and tone requirements for each letter type, you can consistently produce good letters. This predictability is your advantage.

Band 7 in Task 1 is very achievable with:

• Clear understanding of formality levels
• Proper letter structure
• Appropriate vocabulary and phrases
• Addressing all bullet points
• Good grammar and organization

Thousands of students master this task every month. You can too. The key is understanding the requirements, practicing different letter types, getting feedback, and refining your approach.

Remember: Every great letter writer started by writing their first practice letter. Every Band 8 candidate made mistakes in early practice. Improvement comes from consistent effort, learning from corrections, and understanding what examiners look for.

Start practicing today. Write one letter. Get feedback. Learn. Improve. Repeat.

You’ve got this!

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